This book is designed to help you prepare for the verbal and reasoning sections of many assessment and entrance exams. Lesson 1 voltage, current, resistance engineering circuit analysis. In force voltage analogy, the mathematical equations of translational. Analogous electrical and mechanical systems swarthmore college. Find the analogous electrical system using the forcevoltage analogy. Coefficient of friction b is analogous to resistance 1 r and spring constant k is analogous to inverse of the inductor l. Analogy is the very important section of competitive exams. An electrical circuit and computer system analogy article pdf available in the computer journal 407. Spring force k x inertia force m d2xdt2 dalemberts principle is that all the forces and moments on the body must add up to zero. Intro to electricity nyu tandon school of engineering. Here given 50 questions with explained answers from recent exams.
As dgelder pointed out, that is a different but also valid analogy often referred to as the force voltage analogy. Likewise, the analogies between voltage, temperature and pressure are intuitive and useful. Here, the mathematical equations of the translational mechanical system are compared with each other when the nodal equations of the electrical system are in force current analogy. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems tutorialspoint. This video tutorial is meant to provide the readers the know how to analyze the control systems with the help of mathematical models.
In electricalpneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to a velocity b pressure c air flow d air flow rate ans. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical. And voltage is kind of like forcewhat pushes the current through a resistor. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems in control.
One advantage of fam is that it is dynamically stable and the other is that stress would be determined once strain is confirmed. A current source becomes an input velocity, and a voltage source becomes a force generator. Indicate the values of all components in the electrical system resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. Consider the scenario where a magnetic field is present, and we have an open circuit that has been closed using a metalic rod. To apply this analogy, every loop in the electrical circuit becomes a point in the mechanical system. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force. Now, other students can try to connect their card to either end 1 st card or 2 nd card. Force voltage analogy watch more videos at videotutorialsindex. It is, therefore, evident that a new analogy is possible in which force is identified with current rather than with e. Force voltage analogy watch more videos at lecture by. A gravitational and electromagnetic analogy by oliver.
Simplified calculation of plastic energy dissipation of. In the more general case with electric and magnetic fields that vary with time, the terms are no longer synonymous. The idea is to compare the problem with something else that has little or nothing in. A comprehensive book focusing on the force analogy method, a novel method for nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulation this book focusses on the force analogy method, a novel method for nonlinear dynamic analysis and simulation. In electrical analogy, v but in mechanical analogy and will be transformed into and here, is mass of particle. Is this a proper analogy to understanding how current. However, the blank is to blank format does not really answer the question precisely. Now see the following electrical system as mentioned in the following figure.
Many standardized testsincluding high school entrance exams. Indicate the values of all components in the electrical system resistors, capacitors. Considering this, a new algorithm termed the force analogy method fam is proposed using only initial stiffness, and with the main concept of inelastic deformation first presented by lin in 1968. In fact, the electromagnetic force on a test particle of mass m and charge q in the linear approximation is the same as the inertial force experienced by the free particle with respect to an accelerated system of reference with translational acceleration a l. This demonstration is an analogy for an electric current. Current then becomes velocity, and capacitance then becomes compliance, inverse spring constant. Capacitor water pipe analogy i in the water pipe analogy, a capacitor is thought of as a water pipe. Electricity and the waterfall analogy chemistry libretexts. Current in an inductor is just like velocity of a massboth keep going in the absence of any voltage or force, respectively. Trent in 1955 and it is this version that is generally meant by the through and across analogy.
Pdf an electrical circuit and computer system analogy. When the plunger pushes toward the diaphragm, the water in the pipe forces the diaphragm to stretch until the force of the diaphragm pushing back. In a control system the comparator compares the output response and reference input and actuates the. Forced analogy forced analogy is a very useful and funfilled method of generating ideas. This circuit consists of current source, resistor, inductor and capacitor. After completing this video tutorial, you will be able to learn various methods and techniques in order to improve the performance of. The capacitance, in forcecurrent analogy, is analogous to. The force is perpendicular to both the current element and magnetic field vector. Two particles of mass and have their position vectors as a function of time as.
By completing the exercises in this book, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type of analogy question. Electrical quantity, mechanical analog i forcecurrent. Some have even coined the phrase inertial charge for mass to exploit this analogy. On electrical analogues of mechanical systems and their using in. The analogy, however, seems to fall apart when you consider that adding a resistor in series decreases the voltage, but the current increases. Analogizing is the process of representing information about a particular subject the analogue or source system by another particular subject the target system. An expression for the total electric and magnetic forces on a single particle is required to treat beam dynamics. While studying control theory, i came across the following two phrases. In force current analogy, the mathematical equations of the translational mechanical system are compared with the nodal equations of the electrical system. In this respect it resembles the legendary hare in the cookery book. The differential current element, idl, must be related to the motion of a. For this example, we have a 9 volt battery and a red led with a current rating of 20 milliamps, or 0.
Force and motion causes objects to move but also to stay still. Part i, the electrician, 31, 281282 1893 to form any notion at all of the flux of gravitational energy, we must first localise the energy. Analogy questions are often described as blank is to blank as blank is to blank. In thermalelectrical analogy charge is considered analogous to a heat flow b reciprocal of heat flow c reciprocal of temperature d temperature e none of the above ans. The temperature, under thermal and electrical system analogy, is considered analogous to a voltage b current c capacitance d charge e none of the above ans. Analogy tools are therefore meant to test ones ability to reason how far you are able to compare and comprehend the relationship that exists between two objects, things or figures. The electromechanical analogy can be classified into two categories. Find the analogous electrical system using the force voltage analogy. Explain the steps you use to find your electrical system. To add to floriss reply, just to elaborate in a very basic manner in what way the flux linkage analogous of displacement x in force current analogy and magnetic flux differ. Once an analogy is created, the two students stand side by side to begin the formation of a circle. Using analogies to explain electrical relationships.
Consider the following electrical system as shown in the following figure. In this analogy, the mathematical equations of the rotational mechanical system are compared with the nodal mesh equations of the electrical system by comparing equation 4 and equation 6, we will get the analogous quantities of rotational mechanical system. Using analogy to enhance understanding of electrical circuits. A simple type of analogy is one that is based on shared properties stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. For this type of circuit, resistors cor or mobility circuit is emphasized. Analogical models, also called analog or analogue models, therefore seek the analog systems that share. Motion is simply a movement but needs a force to move. A variation of the forcecurrent analogy was proposed by horace m.
The analogies between current, heat flow, and fluid flow are intuitive and can be directly applied. Forces and motion are a part of your everyday life for example pushing a trolley, a horse pulling a rope, speed and acceleration. Trent used a linear graph method of representing networks which has resulted in the forcecurrent analogy historically being associated with. Magnetomotive force is an effort variable electrical current is a flow variable. Those are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. Find the analogous electrical system using the forcecurrent analogy. External force applied to a massspring system 1216 3. In order to understand this type of analogy, let us consider a circuit which consists of parallel combination of resistor, inductor and capacitor. Resistors become friction elements, capacitors become springs and inductors become masses. Paternite pas dutilisation commerciale partage des. The force f in a mechanical system is analogous to the current i in an electrical system as shown in figure 2. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force current resistivity resistance electromotive force and circuits energy and power in electric circuits theory of metallic conduction. The two main ones are the force current analogy and the force voltage analogy.
In forcevoltage analogy, velocity is analogous to a current b charge c inductance d capacitance ans. Verbal analogy measures the ability to understand the relationship between two given words or group of letters, presented in abbreviated form. Probably the first analogy that comes to mind between electrical and mechanical systems is that current is kind of like velocityboth are motion of some kind. Since is much smaller than, the gravitational force, is usually much smaller than the electrical force, have students work both forces for 2 protons and 2 electrons and compare discourse. Similarly, there is a torque current analogy for rotational mechanical systems.
In this discussion, the forcecurrent, velocityvoltage passive analog. A voltage e is connected in parallel with these elements as shown in the circuit diagram. This intuitive analogy is worked out in detail on the right side of the table. The analogy between air flow and electrical current is mathematically accurate. The capacitance, in forcecurrent analogy, is analogous to if light enters an equilateral glass prism n 1. Moreover, if i connect a y hose fitting to the water hose, creating a parallel connection, the output water pressure decreases, but in a. The input force is opposed by the spring force and the inertia force which always opposes changes in the motion as stated in newtons third law of motion.
In this paper we examine the physical justification for these analogies to. The net force of exterior forces applied to a body will create acceleration. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous. In the case of static electric fields, the voltage between two points is equal to the electrical potential difference between those points.
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